What is Spinal Disc Degeneration?
The spinal discs, situated between the vertebral bodies, function as the spine’s shock absorbers. In the lumbar spine, the disc’s exterior comprises thick fibrous rings known as the annulus fibrosus, while the interior is a soft, jelly-like substance called the nucleus pulposus. These discs ensure flexibility and movement of the spine, especially in the lumbar region where they are most substantial.
Over time, these discs undergo dehydration, leading to a loss in height, elasticity, and flexibility. Consequently, one may experience a stiffer spine, reduced agility, and discomfort during specific movements. While disc degeneration is a common age-related condition, not all affected individuals manifest symptoms.
What are the Symptoms of Disc Degeneration?
Disc degeneration primarily causes stiffness and pain in the lower back. This pain often radiates from the affected disc region to the buttocks. Advanced disc degeneration may induce bony spurs on the vertebral body, which, if they impinge on surrounding nerves, can result in muscle weakness, numbness, and tingling sensations in the leg and foot.
Causes and Risk Factors
While disc degeneration predominantly affects individuals over 50, symptoms can appear as early as in one’s 30s. Ageing leads to the gradual depletion of collagen and elastin in our tissues, causing the spinal discs to shrink and lose flexibility. Repetitive actions, such as waist-bending to lift heavy objects or prolonged sitting, further exacerbate disc wear, hastening the degenerative process.
How Can Physiotherapy Assist with Disc Degeneration?
Modern imaging techniques, like MRI and X-ray, can pinpoint the degeneration extent. However, recent research indicates that the visible degeneration level in scans doesn’t always correlate with pain intensity. Such findings can be perplexing for patients. An image revealing extensive degeneration can be distressing, making individuals feel trapped, irrespective of their actual symptoms.
Physiotherapy plays a pivotal role in helping patients resume everyday activities promptly and achieve optimum functionality tailored to their specific conditions. Physiotherapists educate patients about their condition, alleviating fears and misconceptions. Additionally, physiotherapy strengthens core stabilisers, preventing future injuries and aiding pain management.
Note: The details in this article are for informational purposes. Always consult a healthcare expert for personalised advice.